Dual Process Theory, also known as dual process theory, is an important concept in psychology and cognitive science. It was developed to explain and understand our thinking and decision-making. This theory postulates that our thinking and decision-making is controlled by two different mental processes, often referred to as "System 1" and "System 2".

System 1 is the faster and more intuitive process. It involves automated thought processes based on experience and habit. This process enables us to react quickly to everyday situations without much conscious thought. For example, we immediately recognise the face of a friend.

System 2, on the other hand, is the slower and more conscious process. This is conscious thinking and decision-making, in which we analyse information, think logically and solve problems. This process requires more mental effort and is often used for complex tasks, such as solving complicated maths problems.

Dual Process Theory is relevant to many areas of psychology, including social psychology, cognitive psychology and decision theory. It explains why people sometimes act intuitively, even if it is not the best decision from a logical point of view. For example, prejudices and stereotypes may be based on automated thought processes (System 1).

Various methods are used in research to investigate Dual Process Theory, including experiments, neurological studies and behavioural observations. The findings from this theory help to deepen our understanding of human thought and behaviour and have applications in areas such as behavioural economics and advertising psychology.

In summary, Dual Process Theory plays an important role in explaining our cognitive processes and understanding our behaviour in different situations. It emphasises the importance of two different thought processes that work together to influence our decisions and actions.