The negativity effect, also known as negativity bias, is a psychological phenomenon that describes the tendency of people to prioritise and remember negative information more strongly than positive information. This effect influences our thoughts, feelings and actions in many ways and plays an important role in human psychology.

The negativity effect manifests itself in everyday situations, for example when we tend to process criticism and bad news more intensively than praise and positive news. This can lead to us being more influenced by negative experiences and have a negative impact on our well-being.

Psychologists have developed various theories to explain the negativity effect. One of these is the evolutionary theory, which states that focussing on negative information was essential for survival in the early days of humanity. Negative events such as dangers and threats required quick reactions in order to survive. The tendency therefore developed to react more strongly to negative information and to process it better.

Another theory states that the negativity effect is related to our cognitive processing of information. Negative information requires more attention and processing in order to find possible solutions or actions. This leads to negative information being anchored deeper in our memory.

The negativity effect has an impact on various areas of life, including interpersonal relationships, work and health. In relationships, over-emphasising negative aspects can lead to conflict, while neglecting positive aspects can put a strain on relationships. In the workplace, focussing on mistakes and problems can affect motivation and the working atmosphere. In terms of health, a persistent emphasis on negative health risks can lead to anxiety.

It is important to note that the negativity effect is not always harmful. In some situations, it can help us to be more cautious and attentive, which in turn promotes our safety and well-being. Nevertheless, it is helpful to be aware of its existence and to consciously promote positive information and experiences in order to develop a balanced view of the world.