Reactance theory, also known as reactance or freedom theory, is a concept from psychology that examines our behaviour in response to restrictions or limitations. This theory was first developed by Jack W. Brehm in 1966 and has since gained importance in various areas of psychology and the social sciences.

Reactance theory postulates that people have an inherent need for freedom and autonomy. When this freedom is restricted or threatened, a feeling of reactance arises. Reactance is often described as a kind of resistance or backlash against the imposed restriction.

A classic example of the reactance theory is the behaviour of children. When children are told that they are not allowed to do something, they are often more motivated to do exactly what they have been told not to do. This phenomenon can be attributed to the feeling of reactance that arises from the restriction of their freedom.

Reactance theory also has applications in advertising, politics and social media. In advertising, the deliberate creation of a feeling of reactance can lead to people valuing products or services more highly. In politics, the perception of restrictions or limitations on freedom can influence political behaviour.

It is important to note that reactance theory is not only applicable to individual decisions and actions, but also to group behaviour. If a group feels that its freedom or autonomy is threatened, this can lead to collective reactions.

In reactance theory research, various methods and experiments are used to investigate the effects of reactance on people's behaviour and attitudes. These studies help to develop a deeper understanding of the psychological mechanisms behind reactance.

In summary, reactance theory is an important approach in psychology to explain human behaviour in response to constraints or limitations. It emphasises the importance of freedom and autonomy in our decision-making and has applications in various areas of our daily lives.